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return to Dialogue on Learning Home PageGlossary
The terms below have many meanings in the various contexts within which they may be used. To help avoid confusion, we've defined below the general idea of what we mean by each term as used within our theoretical model.
formative assessment
summative assessment
Understanding -
Meaning - (including Caine's "deep meaning", map meaning, aha moment, and so on) "Meaning results when past learning moves from long-term storage into working memor and interacts with new information (Sousa, check this quote - maybe p. 136?)"
Sense -
Construction of meaning -
Intelligence - Sousa - the "rate of learning something" p. 105 (implies it is primarily a matter of neural efficiency
Creativity -
Transfer - Sousa, p. 136 - "We use past learning effectively to enhance present and future learnings." transfer - 1. effect past learning has on processing of new learning, 2. degree to which new learning will be useful to learner in the future, new learning --> working memory-->long term memory searches storage sites for similar or associated learning, moves it to working memory to interact with new learning
Learning - "acquiring the information or skill through the application level of Bloom's taxonomy, so that it can be used to solve problems." (Sousa p. 105 - check this)
Retention - Sousa explains the that learning and retention are not the same. It's possible to learn something and then forget it the next day. Sousa defines retention as "the process whereby long-term memory prserves a learning in such a way that it can locate, identify, and retrieve it accurately in the future" (Sousa, 2001, p.85). We all have different cognitive belief systems.
Expert - the notion of an "expert" - see Gardner
sensory register
immediate memory, working memory
short-term memory
cortisol
limbic system
amygdala
chunking
long term storage
Nondeclarative memory
Procedural memory
Motor skill memory
Emotional memory
declarative memory
episodic memory
Semantic memory
authentic activities
hybrid activities
occipital lobe
temporal lobe
cerebrum
cerebellum
reticular activating system
REM (rapid-eye movement) stage of sleep
Delayed Sleep Phase Disorder
downshifting
Primacy-Recency Effect
Attention
rehearsal
secondary rehearsal
priming
myelination
hippocampus
suggestopedia
Paraconscious
peripheral learning
priming/pre-exposure
tool boxes
novelty
Mozart Effect
Passive music
Active music
walk-pair-share
sensory memory
prefrontal cortex
reflective mode
reflexive mode
relaxed alertness
learned helplessness
cognitive belief system
social self-image
academic self-image
opiates
attainment value
intrinsic value
utility value
cost value
mind-body states
norephinephrine, vasopressin, testosterone, serotonin, progesterone, dopamine
Emotional states
ritual
dependent learners
self-directed learner
stages of competency
challenge
relaxed alertness
orchestrated immersion
active processing
flow